Format: ORAL

Tamara Villaverde1, Isabel Larridon2, Toral Shay3, Rachael M. Fowler4, John H. Chau5, Richard G. Olmstead6, Isabel Sanmartin7

1 Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain 2 Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium 3 Imperial College, London, UK 4 University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia 5 Filoli Botanic Garden, San Francisco, USA 6 University of Washington, Seattle, USA 7 Real Jardín Botánico, Madrid, Spain. 

Scrophulariaceae once was the largest family of Lamiales as the order is currently circumscribed, but was based on traits that are ancestral for much of Lamiales. Previous molecular studies identified several unrelated clades within a polyphyletic Scrophulariaceae that are now included in other families, or recognized as separate families, and identified clades previously unassigned to Scrophulariaceae that belong within it. However, uncertainties remain about relationships within Scrophulariaceae, as well as the timing and pattern of diversification of this cosmopolitan clade. To address these questions, we developed a probe set based on five Scrophulariaceae transcriptomes to conduct a target-sequencing approach for phylogenetic analysis of 66 species representing all recognized tribes of Scrophulariaceae plus three genera unassigned to tribe,Androya,Camptoloma, andPhygelius.Ten tribes are recognized based on the resulting phylogeny.Diversification of crown Scrophulariaceae was inferred to have started in the southern hemisphere approximately 60 Ma.A southern African origin is estimated for most tribes with two exceptions, Leucophylleae and Myoporeae. Multiple dispersal events out of Africa gave rise to the contemporary distribution of Scrophulariaceae.