Format: ORAL

DongliangLin1,2,3, Bingyi Shao1, Zhiyuan Gao1, Jianwu Li4, Zhanghai Li1, Tingyu Li2,5, Weichang Huang6, Xin Zhong6, Chao Xu1,3, Mark W Chase7,8,*, Xiaohua Jin1,3,*

1 State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Prominent Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 3 China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China 4 Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, China 5 Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China 6 Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Chenhua Road 3888, Songjiang, Shanghai 201602, China 7 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK 8 School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Australia

Angiosperms are the largest plant group and play an essential role in the biosphere. Phylogenetic relationships of many families and orders remain controversial despite 30 years of study, and, in an attempt to address these, we performedthe most extensive sampling of mitochondrial genes to date. We reconstruct a seed plant phylogenetic framework based on 41 mitochondrial protein-coding sequences (MTCDSs). The results for major clades of angiosperms have moderate to strong support (70% bootstrap) for more than 80% of the nodes and strong support for monophyly of most orders. Eight major nodes were supported in this study, including three paraphyletic ANAgrade (Amborellales, Nymphaeales, and Austrobaileyales) and five major core angiosperm branches.Chloranthales and Ceratophyllales are placed sister to the eudicots, whereas the monocots are placed sister to the magnoliids. A new order, Huales, was proposed to establish to accommodate phylogenetic isolated Huaceae. Our results indicated that mitochondrial genomic data were effective at resolving deep node relationships of angiosperm phylogeny.