Format: ORAL

Sara Freitas1,2,3, Joo Nunes1,2,3, Joo Tereso2,3,4,5, Miguel Carneiro1,2,3, Herlander Azevedo1,2,3,*

1 Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal; 2 CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; 3 BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; 4 MHNC-UP - Museum of Natural History and Science of the University of Porto - PO Herbarium, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, 4099-002, Porto, Portugal; 5 Centre for Archaeology, UNIARQ, School of Arts and Humanities, University of Lisbon, Portugal.

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) diversity richness results from a complex domestication history over multiple historical periods, which culminated in the creation of thousands of modern varieties with extensive phenotypic diversity. Unfortunately, the recent favoring of specific varieties/clones, climate change and the globalization-driven exposure to pathogens, has led to extensive genetic erosion in this widely cultivated and economically significant crop. Fighting this genetic erosion whilst addressing issues of resilience to climate change, yield and other traits, requires a crucial understanding of the genetic basis of grapevine variation. Such studies have been significantly enabled by the use of genomics approaches based on Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Here, NGS-driven whole genome resequencing of individual genotypes has been used to tackle the extant genetic diversity present in grapevine germplasm, including a clarification of different features of its recent evolutionary path. Our results supported a model in which a central domestication event in grapevine was followed by post-domestication hybridization with local wild genotypes. This lead to the presence of an introgression signature in modern wine varieties across Western Europe, in which the Iberian Peninsula may have played a meaningful role. ?Furthermore, the examination of underlying genes suggests that environmental adaptation played a fundamental role in both the evolution of wild genotypes and the outcome of hybridization with cultivated varieties, supporting a case of adaptive introgression in grapevine. Funding: Fundao para a Cincia e Tecnologia (FCT/MCTES) for project GrapeVision (PTDC/BIA-FBT/2389/2020); FCT/MCTES and POCH/NORTE2020/FSE for support to S.F. (SFRH/BD/120020/2016); FCT/MCTES and POPH-QREN/FSE for support to M.C. (CEECINST/00014/2018/CP1512/CT0002).