Format: ORAL

David Criado-Ruiz1,2, Joan Valls3, Randall J. Bayer4, Luis Palazzesi5, Jaume Pellicer6,7, Ivn Prez Lorenzo3,6, Olivier Maurin7, Elaine Franoso7, Shyamali Roy7, Ilia J. Leitch7, Flix Forest7, William J. Baker7, Lisa Pokorny1,7, Oriane Hidalgo6,7, Gonzalo Nieto Feliner1David Criado-Ruiz1,2, Joan Valls3, Randall J. Bayer4, Luis Palazzesi5, Jaume Pellicer6,7, Ivn Prez Lorenzo3,6, Olivier Maurin7, Elaine Franoso7, Shyamali Roy7, Ilia J. Leitch7, Flix Forest7, William J. Baker7, Lisa Pokorny1,7, Oriane Hidalgo6,7, Gonzalo Nieto Feliner1

1 Real Jardín Botánico (RJB) CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Madrid, Spain 2 Facultad de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain 3 Laboratori de Botànica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain 4 Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Biodiversity, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA 5 Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, CONICET, División Paleobotánica, Buenos Aires, C1405DJR, Argentina 6 Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB), CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain 7 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom

Using targeted high-throughput sequencing of 244 low-copy nuclear genes and capture of 66 plastid genes and including 61 out of 111 genera and all but four of the 19 currently recognized subtribes (Inulantherinae, Lapidophorinae, Lonadinae, and Vogtiinae), our study takes a step further into the intricate evolutionary history of Anthemideae, a remarkably diverse tribe within the Asteraceae family. Our results are largely consistent with previous research but clarify the placement and circumscription of several taxa and reveal compelling incongruences. Some of these clarifications involve longstanding issues affecting some of the 19 currently recognized subtribes, such as the placement of Osmitopsis, the monophyly of Cotulinae, the affinities of Glebionidinae and Santolininae, and the paraphyly of two subtribe pairs, proposed here to be merged: Athanasiinae with Phymasperminae and Matricariinae with Anthemidinae. Among the incongruences, those between nuclear and plastid trees are particularly noteworthy since they challenge subtribal taxonomy and hint at ancient hybridization events. Disparities were also observed between the multispecies pseudo-coalescent (MSC) and maximum likelihood (ML) nuclear trees. Furthermore, our research introduces novel perspectives on the tribes historical biogeography, supporting three groupings: a Southern African Grade, an Asian Clade, and a Circum-Mediterranean Clade, which shed light on the historical expansion of Anthemideae lineages across different regions. Divergence time analyses underscore the role of Plio-Pleistocene climatic shifts as drivers of rapid radiations within the tribe. By refining the phylogenetic relationships among and within subtribes and by pointing out potential ancient hybridization events, our research highlights episodes that require further investigations, paving the way for a deeper understanding of Anthemideae systematics and evolution.