Format: ORAL

Ang Li1, Tiina Srkinen2, Brent D. Mishler3,Li-Min Lu1, Yun-Feng Li1, Dan-Xiao Peng1, Hai-Hua Hu1, Zhi-Duan Chen1

1 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 2 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, UK 3 University of California, Berkeley, California, USA

Solanum(Solanaceae) is one of the largest genera of angiosperms(containing more than 1,000 species) with worldwide distributionand greateconomic importance. However, few studies havebeen conducted on the global and continental distribution patterns of the genus. We here measured the diversity and endemismpatternsof Solanumall over the worldand using Australia as an example of the regional scale for itsdiverse species richnessand insulargeographical property. Around the globe, we found that Central America to South America has the highest species richness, species endemism, phylogenetic diversity, and phylogenetic endemism, whereasAustralia has the second highest diversityand endemsim, especially in its eastern coast. The distributions of neo- and paleo- endemism centers are generally congruent with the local volcanic activities and orogenic movements. Within Australia, the hotspots were distributed mainly in the tropical or temperate forests and grasslandsand generally congruent with the vegetation types. Based on the clustering analyses, we further identified a certain linkage among Africa, Asia,and Australia, especially the clustering in Asia-Australia showing a pattern of multiple clusters in Philippines and Indonesia, suggesting that Solanum in tropical Asia possibly have multiple origins. By investigating the diversity patterns of Solanumthrough global to regional scale, our study suggests that diversity patterns of Solanumat the global scale are more likely shaped by thelocalorogenic movements, while those at regional scale (e.g., Australia) are morelikelyaffected by the vegetationheterogeneity.The possible connection among Africa, Asia,and Australia was figured out to help to reveal the complex and controversial origin of Asian Solanum.