Format: ORAL

Andrs Moreira-Muoz (1) Anthony G. Rebelo (2) Felipe Domnguez Lozano (3)

(1) Instituto de Geografía. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso. Av. Brasil 2241, Valparaíso, Chile, (2) South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden Rhodes Dr, Newlands, Cape Town, 7735, South Africa, (3) Unidad de Botánica. Fac. Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/Alfredo Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain,

MTZ combines three main aspects basic in conservation science, biodiversity, threats and knowledge. It is one of the richest and highly diverse biome in the Globe, the most if we consider area extension. In addition, the MTZ floras are extensively studied and well known. Finally, MTZ has been for long, one of the more intensive conservation scenarios. We address two major points: First, we review major current drivers of threats. We provide an update on some of the most acknowledged plant conservation problems, such as land use changes (urbanization), fire, or herbivory. We also review the red list plants assessments in MTZ. Then, we carry on a future prospect of conservation mediterranean plants, addresing future scenarios of conservation efforts. More specifically, we question: are different MTZ areas responding differently to common conservation challenges? For that we explore trends in extinction rates and threatening processes, delineating what types of plants are becoming more threatened and why. This will allow us to identify possible conservation gaps in plant conservation. We also deal with future trends in protected areas: National Parks, microrreserves and urban areas in relationship with plant conservation. Finally, we introduce flora rewilding as a restoration approach for plant conservation. We identify some current and future projects. We propose some tools for a global system of plant biodiversity and conservation monitoring in the five MTZ.