Format: ORAL

Romulo Segovia-Ugarte1 Marco Todesco1 Loren H. Rieseberg1 Bruno Nevado2 Colin E. Hughes3 Sean W. Graham1

1 Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada 2 Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal 3 Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

The Andes are the domestication centre of many important and minor crops, but the list of Andean crops with available high-quality genome assemblies is biased towards crops with worldwide distribution, neglecting those cultivated locally that have significant agricultural and cultural value. Lupinus mutabilis (Fabaceae) is the only lupin crop domesticated in the New World, where it is cultivated for its high protein content and soil enrichment properties. There are high-quality genome assemblies and pan-genome data available for Old World lupin crops (i.e., Lupinus albus and L. angustifolius). However, there is no reference genome for L. mutabilis. We assembled the genomes of L. mutabilis and L. piurensis, its crop wild relative, using PacBio HiFi and chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) reads into 828 Mb and 795 Mb assemblies, respectively. In each case we assembled 24 chromosomes (594 Mb and 591 Mb). In total we annotated 34,176 and 33,681 protein-coding genes in L. mutabilis and L. piurensis, respectively. BUSCO scores indicate 98% completeness for both annotations. Transposable element annotation reveals that 67% and 69% of the L. mutabilis and L. piurensis genomes are repetitive, with Copia the most abundant class. Synteny analysis between L. mutabilis and L. albus demonstrates that L. mutabilis chromosome 4, the largest super scaffold, represents a merger of L. albus chromosomes 4 and 24, resulting in a karyotype with one fewer chromosome total, which is characteristic of the western New World lupins. We are reconstructing the evolutionary history of the two Andean lupins in comparison to the predicted ancestral legume karyotype. We surveyed for genes under positive selection, and document gene-family evolution and the effects of parallel domestication in the New World and Old World lupin crops.